INCO 48 Offline Header

Scholarly or Popular Materials:
Knowing the Difference

For some assignments, an instructor may require students to locate information in scholarly research journals, but how can students easily know the differences between a scholarly journal and a popular magazine?  This sort of basic evaluation is a necessary part of the research process, and a means for students to sharpen their critical thinking skills.  Some of the ways that a research journal typically differs from a popular magazine are:

AUTHORITY
Scholarly journal articles will indicate authors and their academic credentials; popular magazines may not always list the author.
  • research articles list the author(s) clearly and prominently, as well as the author's credentials (degrees, positions, etc.)
  • research article authors are most often clearly affiliated with an academic or research institution
  • an address is provided for readers to contact the author at his or her institution or academic department
CITATION
Scholarly journal articles will include footnotes, endnotes, bibliographies, or reference lists; popular magazine articles rarely do.
  • scholarly journal articles should always indicate sources of information that were used, read, or cited in the article
  • scholarly journal articles almost always include footnotes or endnotes
  • popular magazine articles may attribute sources in a more indirect or less formal manner, or not at all
CONTENT
Scholarly journal articles focus on research; popular magazines focus on current events & topics of general interest, and include lots of ads for consumer products.
  • the article goes beyond "general interest," and is written for experts in the field - those who already know quite a bit about the topic and its development
  • the writing style of the article may be technical and detailed
  • scholarly research articles are often long and complex
  • the publication does not include a lot of advertisements for consumer products; ads are limited to scholarly or academic products and services
PEER REVIEW
Scholarly journal articles are checked by subject experts for research accuracy & importance before being published; popular magazines may not be as rigorous.
  • the publication lists its editors or an editorial board, and the academic or institutional affiliations of these people
  • the publication says that it is a "peer reviewed" journal
  • the publication provides a style guide or other rules to follow for those wanting to submit a paper
  • the publisher is an academic institution or scholarly association
POINT OF SALE
Where you find publications for sale may be a clue.  It may be difficult to locate scholarly journals at all outside of research libraries; popular magazines are usually much easier to find.
  • scholarly journals may be found for sale in larger, or academic, bookstores; otherwise, they are typically found in research library collections
  • popular magazines may be found in many places, including discount stores, supermarkets, newsstands, bookstores, and elsewhere
  • public libraries often collect popular magazines, but rarely collect a great variety of scholarly research journals
PUBLICATION
FREQUENCY

Scholarly journals are usually published two, four, or six times a year; popular magazines may be published daily, weekly, or monthly.
  • the publication is released less often than daily or monthly
  • issues may be thicker and physically more substantial than popular magazines, because published less frequently
VISUAL APPEAL
Visual layout and design of scholarly journals focus most often on text, graphs, charts, and  tables; popular magazines may focus on glossy color  photographs of people, products, and places.
  • scholarly journals for most fields (except fields such as art and design) tend to be text-based
  • front covers of scholarly journals often list contents, authors, or may feature a simple design that is repeated for each issue;  contents are listed to attract scholarly research interest
  • popular magazines may feature photographs of celebrities or other flashy, glossy front covers; contents may be described in a commercial or exaggerated manner meant to attract attention

   


link to top of page